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Question 587: As per the Shia history, did the prophet himself fight any battle?

Answer 587: All of the battles of the holy Prophet (pbuh) had been taken place after His Hegira to Medina during ten years. The battles are divided into three divisions. Ghazwah (battle), Sariyyah (battalion) and Ba’th.

It is noteworthy to firstly explain the difference between Ghazwah (battle) and Sariyyah (battalion). Ghazwah is the name of the battle in which the holy Prophet (pbuh) participated as the leader whether the battle is fought or not.

Sariyyah is the name of the battalion which the Prophet (peace be upon him) sent without participating in. [1]

If the Holy Prophet (pbuh) sends only one person to battle it is called Ba’th.[2]All battles took place for propagandizing the Islamic teachings and social justice. According to the historians, seventy four battles had been happened during the time of the holy prophet after the Hegira to Medina. Twenty eight or seven of these battles were called Ghazwah and Forty seven were Sariyyah. [3]

Some of the most important Ghazwahs of the holy Prophet (pbuh) are as follows: Badr, Uhud, fat’h e Mecca, Khaybar, hunayn and Khandagh.[4] And the most important Sariyyahs were Mawtah and Zat al-Salasil.

The followings are 28 Ghazwah of the holy Prophet (pbuh):

  1. The battle of Abwa:[5] Month of Safar, in the year two of Hegira.
  2. The battle of Buwat, Month of Rabi al-Avval[6] or Rabi al-Akhar,[7] in the year two of Hegira.
  3. The battle of Ushayrah, Month of Jamadi al-Awla, in the year two of Hegira.[8]
  4. The battle of Badr –e- Awla (Safwan), Jamadi al-Aakhirah [9]or Rabi al-Awwal,[10] in the year two of Hegira.
  5. The battle of Badr –e- Kubra, 17th of Ramadan, in the year two of Hegira.[11]
  6. The battle of Bani Salim, Month of Shawwal, in the year two of Hegira.[12]
  7. The battle of Bani Qaynughaa’, Month of Shawwal, in the year two of Hegira.[13]
  8. The battle of Sawiq, Month of Dhil Hijjah, in the year two of Hegira.[14]
  9. The battle of Zee Amr (Ghatfan), happened in Najd Land.[15]
  10. The battle of Uhud, Month of Shawwal, in the year three of Hegira.[16]
  11. The battle of Hamraa’ al-Asad, Eighth day of Month of Shawwal (on Sunday)[17], in the year three of Hegira.[18]
  12. The battle of Bahran, in Hijaz, month of Rabi al-Aakhar, in the year three of Hegira.[19]
  13. The battle of Khandaq or Ahzab, month of Shawwal, in the year four[20] or five of Hegira.[21]
  14. The battle of Bani Nadir, month of Rabi al-Awwal, in the year four of Hegira.[22]
  15. The battle of Zat al-Riqaa’, in Nakhl Land, month of Jamadi al-oula or Rabi al-A’khar.[23]
  16. The battle of Badr al-Mawed, month of Sha’ban, in the year four of Hegira.[24]
  17. The battle of Dawmat al-Jandal, month of Dhi Qa’dah and Dhi Hijjah, in the year five of Hegira.[25]
  18. The battle of Bani Quraydhah, month of Zee Qaadah and Zee Hijjah, in the year five of Hegira.[26]
  19. The Battle of Bani Layhan, month of Jamadi al-oula, in the year six of Hegira.[27]
  20. The battle of Zee Qirad (Ghabeh), month of Rabi al-Awwal[28] or Rabi al-Aakhar, in the year six of Hegira.[29]
  21. The Battle of Bani al-Mustalaq (it is also called Muraysee), month of Sha’ban, in the year five[30] or six[31] of Hegira.
  22. The Battle of Hudaybiyyah, month of Zee Qaadah, in the year six of Hegira.[32]
  23. The Battle of Khaybar, month of Muharram, in the year seven of Hegira or year six of Dhil Hijjah.[33]
  24. The Battle of Fat’h –e- Mecca, month of Ramadan, in the year eight of Hegira.[34]
  25. The Battle of Hunayn, month of Shawwal, in the year eight of Hegira.[35]
  26. The Battle of Taayef, month of Shawwal, in the year eight of Hegira.[36]
  27. The Battle of Mawtah, in month of Jamadi al-oula, in the year eight of Hegira.[37] According to some historians, since the Holy Prophet (pbuh) didn’t directly participate in this battle they didn’t name this battle as Qazwah. According to them, it is called Sariyyah.[38]

  28. The Battle of Tabook, in the month of Rajab, in the year nine of Hegira.[39] The Battle of Tabuk (Arabic: غَزوَة تَبوك) is the final ghazwa of the Prophet (s). It took place During Rajab and Sha’ban of the 9/630 in the region of Tabuk.

For further information in this regards, please read the following answer:

Index: The Holy Prophet (pbuh) was martyred by the poisoned lamb made by Zeynab bint Al-Harith after the Battle of Khaybar, answer 504.

[1] . Surah Bararah, verses 217-218; Surah Anfal, from the verse 5 onwards; Aale Emran. From the verse 125 onwards; Surah Ahzab, verses 10 onwards; Surah Tawbah, verse 25; Books: Quranic tales, translated by Zamani; Story of the Prophets, Rashedi; Tafsir Nemooneh, Vol. 2, Pg. 363; Muntahal Amaal, Sheikh Abbas Qummi; Tarikh al-Anbiya from Adam to Khatam.

[2] . Abul Faraj Halabi, Ali bin Ebrahim, Al-Sirat al-Halabiyyah, Vol. 3, Pg. 213, Dar al-Kutub al-Elmiyyah, Beirut, second edition, 1426 A.H.

[3]. Masoodi, Ali bin Hussain, Muravij al-Zahab wa Ma’adin al-Jawhar, researcher: Daghar As’ad, Vol. 2, Pgs. 280-281, Dar al-Higrah, Qom, second edition, 1409 A.h.

[4] . Ayati, Tarikh Payambar Islam (The History of the holy Prophet), Tehran University Publication.

[5] . Tabarsi, Fadl bin Hasan, E’lam al-Wara bi Aalam al-Huda, Vol. 1, Pg. 164, Aalul Bayt (as) Institute, Qom, first edition, 1417 A.H. Ibn Hazm Andulesi, Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 76, Dar al-Kutub al-Elmiyyah, Beirut, Bita; Vaqedi, Muhammad bin Umar, al-Maghazi, Vol. 1, Pgs. 11-12, Aalami, Beirut, third edtion, 1409 A.H.

[6] . Ibn Hisham, Abdul malik, al-Sirat an0Nabawiyyah, research: al-Saqa, Mustafa, al-Abyari, Ebrahim, Shibli, Abdul Hafidh, Vol. 1, Pg. 598, Dar al-Maarifat, Beirut, first edition, Bita; Suhayli, Abdul Rahman, al-Rawz al-Anf fee Sharh al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 5, Pg. 58, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, Beirut, first edition, 1412 A.H.

[7] . Ealam al-Wara, Vol. 1, Pg. 164; Beihaqi, Abu Bakar, Ahmad bin Hussain, Dalael al-Nubuwwah wa Marifat Ahval Sahib al-Shariaat, research: Qala’ji, Abdul Mo’tee, Vol. 3, Pg. 11, Dar al-Kutub al-Elmiyyah, Beirut, first edtion, 1405 A.H’ Jawame al- Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 77.

[8] . E’lam al-Wara, Vol. 1, Pg. 164; al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 1, Pg. 599; Dalael al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 5, Pg. 469.

[9] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 1, Pg. 601; Khalifah bin Khayyat, Tarikh Khalifah, Pg. 20, Dar al-Kutub al-Elmiyyah, Beirut, first edition, 1415 A.H.

[10] . Vaqedi, Muhammad bin Umar, Kitab al-Maghazi, Vol. 1, Pg. 12, al-Aalami Institute, Beirut, third edtion 1409 A.H; Ibn Sayyid al-Naas, Oyoun al-Athar, Vol. 1, Pg. 263, Dar al-Qalam, Beirut, first edition, 1414 A.H; Amin Ameli, Sayyid Muhsin, Aa’yan al-Shia, Vol. 1, Pg. 246, Dar al-Ta’arof lil-Matbooaat, Beirut, 1403 A.H.

[11] . Eelam al-Wara, Vol. 1, Pg. 168; Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 1, Pg. 240; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 86.

[12] . Dalael al-Nubuwwah, vol. 3, Pg. 163; al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pgs. 43-44.

[13] . Ee’lam al-Wara, Vol. 1, Pg. 175; Ibn Shahr Ashoub Mazandarani, Manaqib Aal abi Talib (as), Vol. 1, Pg. 190, Allamah Publication, Qom, first edition, 1379 A.H; al-Maghazi, Vol. 1, Pg. 176; dalael al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 3, Pg. 173; Oyoun al-Athar, Vol. 1, Pgs. 343&352.

[14] . Dalael a-Nubuwwah, Vol. 3, Pg. 164; al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 44; al-Maghazi, Vol. 1, Pg. 182; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 121.

[15] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. s, Pg. 46.

[16] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. Pg. 60; Dalael al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 3, Pg. 177; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 140.

[17] . Al-Maghazi, Vol. 1, Pg. 334; Aayan al-Shia, Vol. 1, Pg. 259.

[18] . Oyoun al-Athar, Vol. 2, Pg. 352.

[19] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 46; Oyoun al-Athar, Vol. 1, Pgs. 352&356.

[20] . Ee’lam al-wara, Vol. 1, Pg. 190; Tabari, Emad al-Din Hasan bin Ali, Manaqib al-Taherin, Vol. 1, Pg. 173, Publisher and Publication organization, Tehran, first edition; Qutb al-Din Ravandi, saeed bin hibat Allah, Qisas al-Anbiya (as), researcher and evaluator: Erfaniyan Yazdi, Ghulam Reza, Pg. 344, Islamic researcher center, Mashad, first edition, 1409 A.H.

[21] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 214; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 147; Al-Rawz al-Anf fee Sharh e al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 6, Pg. 206; Oyoun Al-Athar, Vol. 2, Pg. 83; Hamoodi, Muhammad bin Ishaq, Anis al-Momenin, Pg. 21, Bunyad Beathat, Tehran.

[22] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 191, Oyoun al-Athar, Vol. 2, Pg. 70; Al-Maqazi, Vol. 1, Pg. 363.

[23] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 203; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 145; Dalael al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 3, Pgs. 369-370; Al-Rawz al-Anf, Vol. 6, Pgs. 221-223.

[24] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 209; Al-Rawz al-Anf, Vol. 6, Pg. 228.

[25] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 213; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 147; Al-Rawz al-Anf, Vol. 6, Pg. 260.

[26] . Al-Maghazi, Vol. 2, Pg. 496; Bilazari, Ahmad bin Yahya, Ansab al-Ishraf, Vol. 1, Pg. 347, Dar al-Fikr, Beirut, first edition, 1417 A.H.

[27] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 279; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 159; Dalael al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 3, Pg. 364.

[28] . Ansab al-Ashraf, Vol. 2, Pg. 349; Ibn Saad Katib Waqedi, Muhammad bin Saad, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, Vol. 2, Pg. 61, Dar al-Kutub al-Elmiyyah, Beirut, second edition, 1418 A.H.

[29] . Al-Maghazi, Vol. 2, Pg. 537.

[30] . A’alam al-Wara, Vol. 1, Pg. 196; Dalael al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 3, Pg. 397; al-Maghazi, Vol. 1, Pg. 404; A’ayan al-Shia, Vol. 1, Pg. 261.

[31] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 289; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 161.

[32] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 308; Dalael al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 3, Pg. 397; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 164; Al-Rawz al-anf, Vol. 6, Pg. 452; Aayan al-Shia, Vol. 1, Pg. 268.

[33] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 328; Dalael al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 4, Pg. 197; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 167; Al-Rawz al-anf, Vol. 6, Pg. 499.

[34] . Al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 389, Al-Rawz al-Anf, Vol. 7, Pg. 49; Manaqib al-Taherin, Vol. 1, Pg. 265; Aayan al-Shia, Vol. 1, Pg. 274.

[35] . Dalael al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 5, Pg. 156; Al-Maghazi, Vol. 3, Pg. 892; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 192; Al-Rawz al-Anf, Vol. 7, Pg. 161; Aayan al-Shia, Vol. 1, Pg. 278.

[36] . E’lam al-Wara, Vol. 1, Pg. 233; Dalael al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 5, Pg. 156; Manaqib al-Taherin, Vol. 1, Pg. 224.

[37] . Refer to: E’lam al-Wara, Vol. 1, Pg. 212; al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 373; Jawame al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Pg. 174; Dalael al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 4, Pgs. 358-359.

[38] . Ibn Saad Katib Vaqedi, Muhammad bin saad, al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, Vol. 2, Pg. 97, Dar al-Kutub al-Elmiyyah, Brirut, second edtion, 1418 A.H.

[39] . al-Sirat al-Nabawiyyah, Vol. 2, Pg. 515; Dalael al-Nubuwwah, Vol. 5, Pg. 469; Aayan al-Shia, Vol. 1, Pg. 282.